Prototyping and Modelmaking for Product Design
Bjarki Hallgrimsson
- 2
- London, Laurence King Publishing, 2020
- 207P
INTRODUCTION Definition of Prototyping and Modelmaking ..................... 6 Prototyping is a Form of Problem Solving ....................... 7 Modelmaking .......................... 7 Physical and Digital Prototypes ...... 7 Building by Hand and Using Digital Technologies .................. 8 Organization of this Book ............ 9 PROTOTYPING 1 How Prototypes are Used Exploration .......................... 11 User Testing ......................... 13 Communication ....................... 14 Design Verification.................. 16 Technical Performance Testing ....... 17 Safety Standards Testing ............ 17 Prototyping in Different Fields of Design ..................... 18 From Start to Finish: Comprehensive Case Studies ......................... 18 CASE STUDY Duo Gaming Family of Products .......................... 19 CASE STUDY Lytro Camera 3.0 .......... 23 CASE STUDY ECOtality Blink Range of Electric Vehicle Chargers .. 27 CASE STUDY Xoran Portable xCAT Scanner ...30 CASE STUDY Ecobee3 ................... 32 2 Prototyping Approaches The Difference between Prototyping and Manufacturing ....... 35 Material Substitution ............... 35 Iteration ............................ 36 Low Fidelity vs High Fidelity ........ 36 Workmanship and Level of Effort ..... 37 Looks-like and Works-like Prototypes . 37 CASE STUDY Candela Luau .............. 38 CASE STUDY Chair_ONE and Myto ........ 41 3 Prototyping Interactive Electronic Products Input and Output..................... 46 Programming ......................... 46 Prototyping Setup ................... 47 CASE STUDY Kurio Interactive Museum Guide ......................... 48 MODELMAKING 4 Principles and Choices for Modelmaking Principles of Modelmaking ........... 51 Choices to Consider ................. 52 5 Health and Safety Goal ................................. 53 Hazards .............................. 53 Personal Protective Equipment ....... 57 Risk Assessment ...................... 58 6 Space and Setup Space ................................ 59 Basic Setup .......................... 59 7 Workflow Basic Modelmaking Workflow .......... 61 Reverse-Design Workflow ............. 63 CASE STUDY Scanning a Clay Model Helmet ................... 66 8 Analog Modelmaking Tools Basic Toolset ........................ 70 Handheld Power Tools ................. 72 Stationary Power Tools .............. 72 Machine Tools ........................ 75 9 Additive Manufacturing: 3D Printing Steps in the 3D Printing Process .... 78 Technologies and Classifications .... 78 Powder-based Technology .............. 81 Material Extrusion Printing ......... 83 Vat Photopolymerization ............. 87 Material Jetting .................... 89 CASE STUDY Customization ............. 90 10 Subtractive Digital Machining CNC Machining ........................ 92 Laser Cutting ........................ 96 11 Adhesives and Fillers Glues ................................ 99 Tapes ............................... 100 Fillers ............................. 101 TUTORIAL Additive Modeling with Adhesives and Fillers.......... 104 12 Paper Applications for Paper ............. 107 Cross-Sectional Models ............. 109 Working with Paper and Board ....... 110 TUTORIAL Bread Toaster .............. 112 13 Foamcore Working with Foamcore .............. 116 TUTORIAL Train Ticket Kiosk ......... 120 14 Polystyrene Foam Applications for Polystyrene Foam .. 125 Working with Polystyrene Foam ...... 126 TUTORIAL Children’s Walkie-talkie... 129 15 Polyurethane Modeling Foam Applications for Polyurethane Foam . 132 Working with PU Modeling Foam ...... 133 TUTORIAL Game Controller ........... 136 16 Thermoplastic Sheet and Extruded Shapes Working with Plastics .............. 142 Gluing Plastics ..................... 143 CASE STUDY Adaptive Ski System ...... 146 TUTORIAL Barbecue Utensil .......... 148 17 Wood CASE STUDY Leaning Clothes Rack in Wiggle Board ............... 152 Applications for Wood .............. 153 Working with Wood ................... 154 18 Modeling Clay Types of Clay ....................... 158 CASE STUDY Olme Spyder .............. 160 Working with Styling Clay .......... 161 TUTORIAL Clay Helmet ............... 163 19 Casting Applications for Casting ........... 166 Casting Process ..................... 167 Casting Materials .................. 168 CASE STUDY Casting Comic Figures .... 170 CASE STUDY Elastomeric Wristband .... 171 20 Painting and Graphics Color ............................... 174 Texture ............................. 175 Gloss, Matt, or Metallic ............ 175 Types of Paint ...................... 175 Preparation......................... 175 Application ......................... 176 TUTORIAL 3D Printer Part ........... 179 Labels and Decals ................... 181 21 Soft Goods: Sewn Textile Projects Working with Textiles............... 185 Patterns ............................ 189 Textile Hardware ................... 191 CASE STUDY Biogarmentry ............. 193 CASE STUDY OSAT Filament Printing ... 196 Glossary .............................. 199 Resources ............................. 202 Index ................................. 203 Picture Credits ....................... 207 Acknowledgments ....................... 208
Now in its second edition, Prototyping and Modelmaking for Product Design, by practising product development consultant Bjarki Hallgrimsson, is essential reading for both students and design professionals.
Prototyping and ModelMaking for Product Design goes behind the scenes to illustrates how prototypes are used to help designers understand problems better, explore more imaginative solutions, investigate human interaction more fully and test functionality so as to de-risk the design process. Following an introduction on the purpose of prototyping, specific materials, tools and techniques are examined in detail, with step-by-step tutorials and industry examples of real and successful products illustrating how prototypes are used to help solve design problems. Workflow is also discussed, using a mixture of hands-on and digital tools.
This new edition includes case studies representing technological developments such as prototyping user experience and interactive electronic products, as well as a new expanded section on digital modelmaking tools, including 3D printing and laser cutting.
The first chapters of the book explain why prototyping is so important to the design process. The many uses of prototyping will be shown in the context of several comprehensive projects by some of the world's leading design firms.
The second part is an introduction to the typical materials used by designers in their prototyping efforts and how to work with them. In all cases, the approach is to use digital and manual tools in a complementary and effective fashion. Tutorials were specifically developed that underline the back and forth of digital and manual ways of working. The emphasis is on the kinds of construction that can be done by the designers themselves. Health and safety is stressed in terms of personal responsibility and awareness.
Topics covered include:Definition of prototyping and modelmakingPrototyping as a form of problem solvingModelmakingPhysical and digital prototypesBuidling by hand and using digital technologies